Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 8 de 8
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(6): 672-676, dic. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665572

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Neutropenia is one of the most common complications in children with cancer, and it's the most important parameter to determine infection risk. In neutropenic patients the signs and symptoms could be scarce and in occasions fever could be the only symptom. For these reasons all patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) should be considered as if they had a possibly severe disease. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters observed in cancer patients with FN attended at our hospital to perform a more rational management of this complication in the future. Patients and Methods: The clinical files accumulated during 36 months, belonging to patients aged 0 to 15 years that were hospitalized because of cancer and FN were reviewed. Results: In this series the source of fever was found in 48.6% of 105 NF episodes, and bacteria were isolated from blood or urine culture in 38%. The most frequent bacterial species recovered were methicillin susceptible S. aureus (20.8%) and ESBL negative E. coli (20.8%). Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most used first line antibiotic prescribed (87.6%) and meropenem was the second choice (18%). Granulocyte colony stimulating factor was used in 61.9% of the cases and episodes mortality rate was 6.7%. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics and bacteriological findings in our institution do not differ significantly from what has been described for pediatric cancer patients in other series.


Introducción: La neutropenia es una de las complicaciones más comunes en los niños con cáncer y el principal parámetro para determinar el riesgo de infección. Además, en estos pacientes los signos clínicos de infección pueden ser escasos y en ocasiones la fiebre es la única manifestación, por lo que todo paciente neutropénico y febril se debe manejar como si presentara una posible infección grave. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento clínico y de laboratorio de los pacientes con neutropenia febril (NF) atendidos en nuestra institución para racionalizar el manejo futuro de esta complicación. Pacientes y Métodos : Se revisó los registros clínicos acumulados durante un período de 36 meses, de todos los pacientes de 0 a 15 años internados por cáncer y NF. Resultados: En este estudio se encontró el foco infeccioso en 48,6% de 105 episodios y se logró aislamiento bacteriano por hemocultivos y/o urocultivo en 38%. Las bacterias encontradas con mayor frecuencia fueron S. aureus sensible a meticilina (20,8%) y E. coli no productora de BLEE (20,8%). El antimicrobiano de primera línea más usado fue piperacilina/tazobactam (87,6%) y de segunda línea meropenem (18%). Se usó factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos en 61,9% de los pacientes. La mortalidad asociada a estos episodios fue de 6,7%. Conclusión: Las características clínicas y hallazgos de laboratorio en nuestra institución no difieren mayormente de lo descrito en población pediátrica en otras series.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Fever/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Neoplasms/complications , Neutropenia/etiology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(1): 35-39, feb. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583020

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones bacteriémicas son más frecuentes en el paciente cirrótico que en la población general. Se identificaron retrospectivamente 59 pacientes cirróticos con bacteriemia, hospitalizados entre los años 2005 y 2008. La bacteriemia sin foco fue la más frecuente (29 por ciento), seguida de aquellas de origen pulmonar (22 por ciento). Cincuenta y dos por ciento de los agentes aislados correspondieron a cocáceas grampositivas y 48 por ciento a bacilos gramnegativos, siendo estos últimos los agentes predominantes en las bacteriemias nosocomiales. Los principales agentes aislados fueron Staphylococcns aureus (24 por ciento) y Escherichia col i (22 por ciento). La mortalidad de los pacientes cirróticos bacteriémicos fue mayor que la del total de cirróticos hospitalizados (37 vs 9,4 por ciento; p < 0,001) y la medición del puntaje de MELD a las 72 horas se correlacionó significativamente con la mortalidad. Conclusión: La bacteriemia es una complicación grave del paciente cirrótico y el MELD podría ser útil en su categorización de riesgo.


Bacteremic infections are more frequent in patients with cirrhosis, as their immune system is compromised. Series of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia has seldom been reported in Chile. We retrospectively collected, from 2005 to 2008, 59 episodes of bacteremia in cirrhotics representing 9 percent of the overall number of bacteremic episodes seen in our center in the period. Spontaneous bacteremia accounted for 29 percent followed by those of pulmonary origin (22 percent). Grampositive cocci and gramnegative bacilli were responsible in 52 percent and 48 percent respectively, however gramnegative rods predominated in nosocomial bacteremias. Overall, the most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (24 percent) and Escherichia col i (22 percent). Mortality in bacteremic patients was significantly higher compared with all cirrhotic patients hospitalized in the period (37.0 vs 9.4 percent; p < 0.001) and MELD score was significantly correlated with mortality. Conclusion: bacteremia is a severe complication of cirrhosis and MELD score could be a useful tool to stratify risk in these patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Bacteremia/mortality , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/mortality , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2010 May; 58(3): 252-253
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136069

ABSTRACT

Endophthalmitis is a rare and serious post-surgical complication. We report a case of acute postoperative endophthalmitis after an uneventful cataract surgery caused by a commensal organism, Gemella haemolysans. The patient was successfully treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics like vancomycin, along with topical cefazolin.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Endophthalmitis/diagnosis , Endophthalmitis/etiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications , Staphylococcaceae
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 23(4): 340-345, dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-441394

ABSTRACT

Leuconostoc is a grampositive cocci, quite ubiquitous in nature. It is used in wine industry, and for aroma and texture of dairy products. Occasionally it has been isolated from humans in cases of bacteremia, catheter associated infections, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, UTI, osteomyelitis and hepatic dysfunction. Short bowel syndrome, patients with CVC and patients with gastrostomy undergoing enteral feeding, are described amongst the factors associated with this infection. The isolation of a grampositive cocci, that does not hydrolyze arginine and that is resistant to vancomycin leads to this diagnostic possibility. Antibiotic treatment: penicillin or ampicillin.


Leuconostoc es una cocácea grampositiva parecida a los Streptococcus, que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la naturaleza; es usada en la industria de vinos, productos lácteos y quesos para la producción de aromas y texturas. Leuconostoc causa ocasionalmente infecciones en humanos, puede producir bacteriemia, infección asociada a catéter, síndrome séptico, meningitis, neumonía, infección del tracto urinario, osteomielitis y compromiso hepático, entre otros. Se describen como factores de riesgo para una infección por este agente: el síndrome de intestino corto, uso de catéter venoso central y la alimentación enteral por gastrostomía. Orientan a la presencia de este agente el aislamiento de una cocácea grampositiva, catalasa negativa, PYR y LAP negativas, resistente a vancomicina. El tratamiento de elección es penicilina o ampicilina.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Leuconostoc/isolation & purification , Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Short Bowel Syndrome/complications , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology
7.
Indian Pediatr ; 2005 Jul; 42(7): 667-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-6227

ABSTRACT

We determined the rate and risk factors for colonization of 103 peripheral intravenous catheter and 32 central venous catheters. 52.5% peripheral catheters had colonization. Common organisms isolated were Pseudomonas (33.3%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (29.6%). Colonization was higher in catheters inserted in the lower limb. Overall 62.5% of the central catheters were colonized, chiefly by coagulase negative Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and Candida. All central catheters in place for more than 11 days were colonized. Subclavian vein catheters had a higher rate (68.2%) of colonization in comparison to femoral vein insertions (40%). We conclude that upper limb placements are preferable to lower limbs when using peripheral lines. Changing peripheral intravenous catheters every 48 hours and central venous catheters every 10 days may decrease the rate of colonization.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Candidiasis/etiology , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Humans , India , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 43(4): 326-34, out.-dez. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-208754

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a freqüência, os fatores associados e a manifestaçöes clínica de bacteremia em pacientes submetidos à colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE), associada ou näo Ó realizaçäo de procedimento terapêutico. Casuística. Foram analisadas prospectivamente 46 colangiopancreatografias retrógradas endoscópicas (CPREs) realizadas em 42 pacientes. Os pacientes foram divididos em três subgrupos na dependência da utilizaçäo de antibióticos, da presença de obstruçäo do ducto biliar e/ou pancreático e da realizaçäo de procedimentos terapêuticos. Método. A pesquisa de bacteremia foi realizada mediante coleta de hemoculturas seriadas antes e após a CPRE. Foram utilizados, como meio para as hemoculturas, frascos tipo Bactec, capazes de receber maiores volumes de sangue e com resinas para adsorçäo de antibioóticos. A análise de positividade das hemoculturas foi realizada no sistema Bactec 9240Ô, e a identificaçäo das bactrérias, por meio de rotina do Laboratório Central da instituiçäo e com o sistema autoScan/Microscan. Resultados. Foi detectada bacteremia após sete exames; entretanto, em dois os microrganismos isolados foram considerados contaminantes. Em cinco exames ocorreu bacteremia verdadeira (freqüência, 10,9 por cento). Foram identificados os microrganismos: Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca e Enterobacter aerogenes. Os episódios de bacteremia foram detectados com maior freqüência nas hemoculturas realizadas imediatamente após os exames (p<0,05), e foram restrito aos pacientes que näo estavan utilizando antibióticos (p=0,0192). Näo houve manifestaçäo clínica dos episódios de bacteremia. Conclusöes. Concluiu-se que os episódios de bacteremia ocorreram exclusivamente nos pacientes que näo estavam utilizando antibiótico e foram transitórios e completamente assintomáticos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Bacteremia/etiology , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/adverse effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Aged, 80 and over , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Bacteremia , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL